Mu 2021, ntchito yomanga ndi chitukuko cha intaneti ya 5G padziko lonse yapindula kwambiri.Malingana ndi deta yomwe inatulutsidwa ndi GSA mu August, oposa 175 ogwira ntchito m'mayiko oposa 70 ndi madera adayambitsa ntchito zamalonda za 5G.Pali ogwira ntchito 285 omwe akuyika ndalama mu 5G.Liwiro lakumanga kwa 5G ku China lili patsogolo kwambiri padziko lapansi.Chiwerengero cha masiteshoni a 5G ku China chadutsa miliyoni imodzi, kufika pa 1159000 yodabwitsa, yomwe imakhala yoposa 70% ya dziko lapansi.Mwanjira ina, pamasiteshoni atatu aliwonse a 5G padziko lapansi, awiri ali ku China.
5G base station
Kupititsa patsogolo kosalekeza kwa 5G network network kwathandizira kuti 5G ifike pa intaneti ya ogula ndi intaneti yamakampani.Makamaka mumakampani osunthika, pali milandu yopitilira 10000 5G ku China, yomwe imakhudza magawo ambiri monga kupanga mafakitale, mphamvu ndi mphamvu, madoko, migodi, zoyendera ndi zoyendera.
Palibe kukayika kuti 5G yakhala chida chakuthwa pakusintha kwa digito kwamabizinesi apakhomo komanso injini yopititsa patsogolo chuma cha digito m'gulu lonse.
Komabe, pamene ntchito za 5G zikufulumizitsa, tidzapeza kuti teknoloji yomwe ilipo ya 5G yayamba kusonyeza "kusakhoza" muzochitika zina zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito makampani.Pankhani ya mlingo, mphamvu, kuchedwa ndi kudalirika, sikungathe kukwaniritsa 100% ya zofunikira za zochitikazo.
Chifukwa chiyani?Kodi 5G, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kwambiri ndi anthu, idakali yovuta kukhala udindo waukulu?
Inde sichoncho.Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe 5G "ndichosakwanira" ndikuti timangogwiritsa ntchito "theka la 5G".
Ndikukhulupirira kuti anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti ngakhale muyezo wa 5G ndi umodzi wokha, pali magulu awiri afupipafupi.Imodzi imatchedwa sub-6 GHz band, ndipo ma frequency osiyanasiyana ali pansi pa 6GHz (molondola, pansi pa 7.125Ghz).Lina limatchedwa millimeter wave band, ndipo ma frequency osiyanasiyana ali pamwamba pa 24GHz.
Kuyerekeza kwamitundu iwiri yama frequency band
Pakadali pano, 5G yokha ya sub-6 GHz band ndiyomwe imapezeka ku China, ndipo palibe 5G ya band yogulitsa millimeter wave.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zonse za 5G sizinatulutsidwe kwathunthu.
Ubwino waukadaulo wa millimeter wave
Ngakhale 5G mu sub-6 GHz band ndi 5G mu millimeter wave band ndi 5G, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamachitidwe.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso m'mabuku a fizikisi asukulu yapakati, kukweza kwa mafunde amagetsi opanda zingwe, kufupikitsa kwa kutalika kwa mafunde, komanso kumayipitsa mphamvu.Komanso, kuchuluka kwafupipafupi, kumapangitsanso kutaya kwakukulu.Chifukwa chake, kuphimba kwa 5G kwa millimeter wave band mwachiwonekere ndikofooka kuposa kale.Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe kulibe mafunde a millimeter kwa nthawi yoyamba ku China, komanso ndichifukwa chake anthu amafunsa mafunde a millimeter.
M'malo mwake, malingaliro ozama komanso chowonadi cha vutoli sizofanana ndi momwe aliyense amaganizira.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, tili ndi tsankho lolakwika pa mafunde a millimeter.
Choyamba, kuchokera kawonedwe kaukadaulo, tiyenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano, ndiye kuti, potengera kuti palibe kusintha kosinthika mu chiphunzitso cholumikizirana chomwe chilipo, ngati tikufuna kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kuchuluka kwa maukonde ndi bandwidth, titha kupanga. nkhani pa sipekitiramu.
Kufunafuna zinthu zochulukirachulukira kuchokera kumagulu apamwamba kwambiri ndi chisankho chosapeŵeka pakupanga ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi mafoni.Izi ndi zoona kwa mafunde a millimeter tsopano ndi terahertz omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa 6G mtsogolo.
Chithunzi chojambula cha millimeter wave spectrum
Pakadali pano, gulu la sub-6 GHz lili ndi bandwidth yopitilira 100MHz (ngakhale 10MHz kapena 20MHz m'malo ena kunja).Ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa mlingo wa 5Gbps kapena 10Gbps.
Gulu la 5G millimeter wave limafika 200mhz-800mhz, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zili pamwambazi.
Osati kale kwambiri, mu Ogasiti 2021, Qualcomm adalumikizana ndi ZTE kuti azindikire kulumikizana kwapawiri kwa 5G SA (nr-dc) koyamba ku China.Kutengera njira yonyamula 200MHz mu 26ghz millimeter wave band ndi 100MHz bandiwifi mu 3.5GHz band, Qualcomm inagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti ikwaniritse chiwongola dzanja cham'modzi chotsika kuposa 2.43gbps.
Makampani awiriwa amagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wa carrier aggregation kuti akwaniritse chiwongola dzanja cham'modzi chotsika cha 5Gbps kutengera njira zinayi zonyamulira za 200MHz mu gulu la 26ghz millimeter wave.
Mu June chaka chino, pa chionetsero cha MWC Barcelona, Qualcomm anazindikira kuchuluka kwa 10.5Gbps pogwiritsa ntchito Xiaolong X65, 8-Channel aggregation yotengera n261 millimeter wave band (single carrier bandwidth ya 100MHz) ndi 100MHz bandwidth mu n77 band.Uku ndiye njira yofulumira kwambiri yolumikizirana ndi ma cell pamakampani.
Bandiwifi yonyamula imodzi ya 100MHz ndi 200MHz imatha kukwaniritsa izi.M'tsogolomu, kutengera chonyamulira chimodzi cha 400MHz ndi 800MHz, mosakayikira chidzakwaniritsa mlingo woposa 10Gbps!
Kuphatikiza pa kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa mlingo, ubwino wina wa mafunde a millimeter ndi kuchedwa kochepa.
Chifukwa cha malo ocheperako, kuchedwa kwa 5G millimeter wave kumatha kukhala kotala la sub-6ghz.Malinga ndi kutsimikizira mayeso,
kuchedwa kwa mawonekedwe a mpweya kwa 5G millimeter wave kumatha kukhala 1ms, ndipo kuchedwa kwaulendo wobwerera kungakhale 4ms, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri.
Ubwino wachitatu wa millimeter wave ndi kukula kwake kochepa.
Kutalika kwa mafunde a millimeter ndi kochepa kwambiri, choncho mlongoti wake ndi waufupi kwambiri.Mwanjira iyi, kuchuluka kwa zida za ma millimeter wave kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kumakhala ndi kuphatikizika kwakukulu.Kuvuta kwa opanga kupanga zinthu kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimathandizira kulimbikitsa miniaturization ya malo oyambira ndi ma terminals.
Mlongoti wa millimeter wave (tinthu tachikasu ndi ma oscillator)
Ma antenna akuluakulu owundana komanso ma oscillator ochulukirapo amakhalanso opindulitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito kuwala.Mlongoti wa millimeter wave antenna amatha kusewera motalikirapo ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale vuto la kuphimba.
Ma oscillator akachuluka, mtengowo umakhala wocheperako komanso mtunda wautali
Ubwino wachinayi wa ma millimeter wave ndi kuthekera kwake koyika bwino kwambiri.
Kutha kwa malo opanda zingwe kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwake.Kufupikitsa kwa kutalika kwa mafunde, kumakweza kulondola kwa malo.
Kuyika mafunde a millimeter kumatha kukhala kolondola mpaka masentimita kapena kutsika.Ichi ndichifukwa chake magalimoto ambiri tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito ma millimeter wave radar.
Tanena za ubwino wa millimeter wave, tiyeni tibwerere mmbuyo ndikulankhula za kuipa kwa millimeter wave.
Ukadaulo uliwonse (Kulankhulana) uli ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake.Choyipa cha ma millimeter wave ndikuti chimakhala ndi malowedwe ofooka komanso kuphimba kochepa.
M'mbuyomu, tidanenapo kuti mafunde a millimeter amatha kukulitsa mtunda wotalikirana ndi kukulitsa kwa beamforming.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mphamvu zamagulu ambiri a antennas zimakhazikika kumbali ina, kuti ziwongolere chizindikiro kumalo enaake.
Tsopano ma millimeter wave amatenga mlongoti wotsogola wotsogola kwambiri kuti athane ndi vuto lakuyenda kudzera muukadaulo wamitundu yambiri.Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a analogi othandizira mtengo wopapatiza amatha kuthana ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa ma frequency band pamwamba pa 24GHz.
Ma antenna okwera kwambiri
Kuphatikiza pakupanga kuwala, millimeter wave multi beam imatha kuzindikiranso kusintha kwa mtengo, kuwongolera kwamitengo ndi kutsatira kwa mtengo.
Kusintha kwa Beam kumatanthauza kuti terminal imatha kusankha mizati yoyenera kwambiri kuti isinthe m'malo osinthika mosalekeza kuti ikwaniritse bwino ma siginecha.
Kuwongolera kwa Beam kumatanthauza kuti terminal imatha kusintha mayendedwe a uplink kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera ku gnodeb.
Kutsata kwa Beam kumatanthauza kuti terminal imatha kusiyanitsa mizati yosiyanasiyana ndi gnodeb.Mtengowo umatha kusuntha ndikuyenda kwa terminal, kuti mupeze phindu lamphamvu la antenna.
Milimeter wave kupititsa patsogolo luso la kasamalidwe ka mtengo kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa ma siginecha ndikupeza ma signature amphamvu.
Mafunde a millimeter amathanso kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto lotsekereza kudzera pakusiyanasiyana koyima komanso kusiyanasiyana kopingasa.
Simulation zotsatira chiwonetsero cha zosiyanasiyana njira
Kumbali ya terminal, kusiyanasiyana kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono kumathanso kuwongolera kudalirika kwa siginecha, kuchepetsa vuto lotsekereza m'manja, ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwachisawawa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Simulation effect chiwonetsero chamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Pomaliza, ndi kafukufuku wozama waukadaulo wa ma millimeter wave reflection technology ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa njira, kuphimba kwa mafunde a millimeter kwasinthidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo kufalikira kwa nonline of sight (NLOS) kwachitika kudzera muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa multi beiam.Pankhani yaukadaulo, ma millimeter wave adathetsa botolo lapitalo ndikukhala okhwima, omwe amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamalonda.
Pankhani ya mafakitale, 5Gmillimeter wave nawonso ndi wokhwima kwambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira.
Mwezi watha, Fuchang Li, mkulu wa malo ofufuza zaukadaulo opanda zingwe ku China Unicom Research Institute, adafotokoza momveka bwino kuti "pakali pano, kuthekera kwamakampani a millimeter wave kwakula."
Pachiwonetsero cha MWC ku Shanghai kumayambiriro kwa chaka, ogwira ntchito zapakhomo adanenanso kuti: "mothandizidwa ndi mawonedwe, miyezo ndi makampani, millimeter wave yapititsa patsogolo malonda. Pofika 2022, 5Gmillimeter wave idzakhala ndi malonda akuluakulu. "
Ntchito ya millimeter wave yatsegulidwa
Titamaliza luso laukadaulo la millimeter wave, tiyeni tiwone zochitika zake zenizeni.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndi "kupanga mphamvu ndikupewa zofooka".Mwa kuyankhula kwina, teknoloji iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zomwe zingapereke kusewera kwathunthu ku ubwino wake.
Ubwino wa 5G millimeter wave ndi kuchuluka, mphamvu komanso kuchedwa kwa nthawi.Chifukwa chake, ndiyoyenera kwambiri ku eyapoti, masiteshoni, zisudzo, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi malo ena okhala ndi anthu ambiri, komanso zochitika zamakampani zoyimirira zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchedwa kwa nthawi, monga kupanga mafakitale, kuwongolera kutali, intaneti yamagalimoto ndi zina zotero.
Pankhani ya madera ogwiritsira ntchito, zenizeni zenizeni, mwayi wothamanga kwambiri, makina opangira mafakitale, thanzi lachipatala, kayendedwe kanzeru, ndi zina zonse ndi malo omwe 5G millimeter wave angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kwa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa bandwidth kumachokera ku kanema ndipo kuchedwa kwakukulu kumachokera kumasewera.VR / AR Technology (zenizeni zenizeni / zenizeni zenizeni) ili ndi zofunikira ziwiri pa bandwidth ndikuchedwa.
Tekinoloje ya VR / AR ikukula mwachangu, kuphatikiza mlengalenga wotentha kwambiri waposachedwa, womwe umagwirizananso kwambiri nawo.
Kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso chozama komanso kuthetsa chizungulire, mavidiyo a VR ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa 8K (ngakhale 16K ndi 32K), ndipo kuchedwa kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 7ms.Palibe kukayika kuti 5G millimeter wave ndiye ukadaulo woyenera kwambiri wotumizira opanda zingwe.
Qualcomm ndi Ericsson adayesa XR kutengera mafunde a 5G mamilimita, kubweretsa mafelemu 90 pamphindikati ndi 2K kwa wogwiritsa aliyense × XR zokumana nazo ndi 2K resolution, ndikuchedwa kuchepera 20ms, komanso kutsika kwapakati kopitilira 50Mbps.
Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti gnodeb imodzi yokha yokhala ndi bandwidth ya 100MHz imatha kuthandizira kupeza 5G kwa ogwiritsa ntchito asanu ndi limodzi a XR nthawi imodzi.Ndi chithandizo cha mawonekedwe a 5G m'tsogolomu, ndikulonjeza kwambiri kuthandizira kupeza nthawi imodzi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 12.
XR mayeso
Chinthu chinanso chofunikira chogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a 5G millimeter wave kwa ogwiritsa ntchito C-end ndikuwulutsa pompopompo pamasewera akulu akulu.
Mu February 2021, "super mbale" yomaliza yamasewera a mpira waku America idachitikira ku Raymond James Stadium.
Mothandizidwa ndi Qualcomm, Verizon, yemwe ndi wodziwika bwino ku United States, wamanga bwaloli kukhala bwalo la intaneti lothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 5G millimeter wave.
Pampikisano, 5G millimeter wave network idanyamula zochulukirapo kuposa 4.5tb ya kuchuluka kwa magalimoto.Muzochitika zina, chiwongoladzanja chinali chokwera kwambiri mpaka 3gbps, pafupifupi nthawi 20 kuposa 4G LTE.
Pankhani ya liwiro la uplink, mbale yapamwambayi ndiye chochitika chofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chogwiritsa ntchito 5G millimeter wave uplink transmission.Mapangidwe a millimeter wave frame amasinthasintha, ndipo chiŵerengero cha uplink ndi downlink chimango chikhoza kusinthidwa kuti chikwaniritse uplink bandwidth yapamwamba.
Malinga ndi deta yam'munda, ngakhale pa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, mafunde a 5G millimeter ndi opitilira 50% mwachangu kuposa 4G LTE.Mothandizidwa ndi luso lamphamvu la uplink, mafani amatha kuyika zithunzi ndi makanema kuti agawane zosangalatsa zamasewera.
Verizon yapanganso pulogalamu yothandizira mafani kuti awonere masewera a 7-channel HD nthawi imodzi, ndipo makamera 7 akuwonetsa masewerawa mosiyanasiyana.
Mu 2022, Masewera a Olimpiki a Zima 24 atsegulidwa ku Beijing.Panthawiyo, sipadzakhala kokha mwayi wopezeka ndi kufunikira kwa magalimoto obwera ndi omvera mafoni a m'manja, komanso kufunikira kwa deta yobwerera komwe kumabwera ndi kuwulutsa kwa TV.Makamaka, chizindikiro cha kanema cha 4K HD chamitundu yambiri ndi kanema wamakamera wapanoramic (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonera VR) amabweretsa vuto lalikulu ku uplink bandwidth ya network yolumikizirana yam'manja.
Poyankha zovutazi, China Unicom ikukonzekera kuyankha mwachangu ndi ukadaulo wa 5G millimeter wave.
Mu Meyi chaka chino, ZTE, China Unicom ndi Qualcomm adayesa.Pogwiritsa ntchito 5G millimeter wave + mawonekedwe akuluakulu a uplink frame, mavidiyo a 8K omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu nthawi yeniyeni amatha kutumizidwa mokhazikika, ndipo pamapeto pake analandira bwino ndikusewera pamapeto pake.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito pakampani yoyima.
5G millimeter wave ili ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo chakugwiritsa ntchito mu tob.
Choyamba, VR / AR yotchulidwa pamwambapa itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani a tob.
Mwachitsanzo, mainjiniya amatha kuyang'anira zida zakutali m'malo osiyanasiyana kudzera mu AR, kupereka chiwongolero chakutali kwa mainjiniya m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndikulandila katundu m'malo osiyanasiyana.Panthawi ya mliri, izi zitha kuthandiza mabizinesi kuthana ndi zovuta zenizeni ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama.
Yang'anani pulogalamu yobwereranso kanema.Tsopano mizere yambiri yopanga fakitale yayika makamera ambiri, kuphatikiza makamera ena apamwamba kwambiri kuti awone bwino.Makamerawa amatenga zithunzi zambiri zamatanthauzidwe apamwamba kuti azisanthula zolakwika.
Mwachitsanzo, COMAC imapanga kusanthula kwachitsulo pazitsulo zogulitsira malonda ndi malo opoperapo motere.Zithunzi zikajambulidwa, ziyenera kukwezedwa kumtambo kapena MEC edge computing platform, ndi liwiro la uplink la 700-800mbps.Imatengera mawonekedwe a 5G millimeter wave yayikulu uplink frame, yomwe imatha kugwiridwa mosavuta.
Chochitika china chogwirizana kwambiri ndi ukadaulo wa 5G millimeter wave ndi galimoto yopanda anthu ya AGV.
5G millimeter wave imathandizira ntchito ya AGV
AGV kwenikweni ndi malo oyendetsa osayendetsedwa opanda anthu.Maonekedwe a AGV, kuyenda, ndandanda ndi kupewa zopinga zili ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuchedwetsa kwa netiweki ndi kudalirika, komanso zofunika zazikulu kuti athe kuyika bwino malo.Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zosintha zenizeni zenizeni za AGV zimayikanso patsogolo zofunikira za bandwidth ya netiweki.
Mafunde a 5G millimeter amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambapa za zochitika za AGV.
Mu Januware 2020, Ericsson ndi Audi adayesa bwino ntchito ya 5G urlc komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina kutengera 5G millimeter wave mu labotale ya fakitale ku Kista, Sweden.
Pakati pawo, adamanga limodzi loboti yolumikizidwa ndi 5G millimeter wave.
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzi pamwambapa, pamene mkono wa robot umapanga chiwongolero, nsalu yotchinga ya laser imatha kuteteza mbali yotsegulira ya robot.Ngati ogwira ntchito kufakitale afika, kutengera kudalirika kwakukulu kwa 5G urlc, loboti imasiya kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo kuti isavulaze antchito.
Kuyankha pompopompo kuwonetsetsa kuti kudalirika sikutheka mu Wi Fi yachikhalidwe kapena 4G.
Chitsanzo chapamwambachi ndi gawo chabe la zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito 5G millimeter wave.Kuphatikiza pa intaneti yamakampani, ma 5G millimeter wave ndi amphamvu pakuchita opaleshoni yakutali mumankhwala anzeru komanso osayendetsa pa intaneti yamagalimoto.
Monga luso lamakono lokhala ndi ubwino wambiri monga kuchuluka kwapamwamba, mphamvu zazikulu, kuchedwa kwa nthawi yochepa, kudalirika kwakukulu ndi kulondola kwa malo, 5G millimeter wave yakopa chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kumagulu onse a moyo.
Mapeto
Zaka za zana la 21 ndi zaka zambiri za data.
Phindu lalikulu lazamalonda lomwe lili mu data ladziwika ndi dziko lapansi.Masiku ano, pafupifupi mafakitale onse akuyang'ana mgwirizano pakati pawo ndi deta ndikuchita nawo migodi yamtengo wapatali.
Matekinoloje olumikizana omwe amaimiridwa ndi 5Gndi matekinoloje apakompyuta oimiridwa ndi cloud computing, deta yaikulu ndi luntha lochita kupanga ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pamtengo wa migodi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira 5G, makamaka mu millimeter wave band, ndikufanana ndi kudziwa "chinsinsi chagolide" chakusintha kwa digito, zomwe sizingangozindikira kutukuka kwa zokolola, komanso kukhala kosagonjetseka pampikisano wowopsa m'tsogolomu.
Mwachidule, ukadaulo ndi mafakitale a 5Gmamilimita mafunde akhwima kwathunthu.Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito5Gmakampani pang'onopang'ono kulowa m'dera lakuya madzi, tiyenera kulimbikitsa zoweta malonda ankatera wa5Gmillimeter wave ndikuzindikira kukula kogwirizana kwa sub-6 ndi millimeter wave.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-14-2021
