Milimeter wave(mmWave) ndi gulu la electromagnetic spectrum lomwe lili ndi kutalika kwapakati pa 10mm (30 GHz) ndi 1mm (300 GHz).Imatchedwa gulu lapamwamba kwambiri (EHF) lopangidwa ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU).Mafunde a millimeter ali pakati pa ma microwave ndi mafunde a infrared mu sipekitiramu ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana zopanda zingwe zothamanga kwambiri, monga ma point-to-point backhaul link.
Makhalidwe a Macro amathandizira kukula kwa data
Pakuchulukirachulukira kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa data ndi kulumikizana, ma frequency omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana opanda zingwe akuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikuyendetsa kufunikira kofikira ma frequency bandwidth mkati mwa millimeter wave spectrum.Zochita zambiri zazikulu zathandizira kufunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa data komanso kuthamanga.
1. Kuchuluka ndi mitundu ya data yomwe imapangidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi data yayikulu ikuchulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse.Dziko lapansi limadalira kutumiza kwachangu kwa data yambiri pazida zosawerengeka sekondi iliyonse.Mu 2020, munthu aliyense adapanga 1.7 MB ya data pa sekondi iliyonse.(Chitsime: IBM).Kumayambiriro kwa 2020, kuchuluka kwa data padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala 44ZB (World Economic Forum).Pofika 2025, kupangidwa kwa data padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika pa 175 ZB.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusunga deta yochuluka chonchi kumafuna 12.5 biliyoni yama hard drive amakono akuluakulu.(International Data Corporation)
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa United Nations, chaka cha 2007 chinali chaka choyamba pamene anthu a m’tauni anaposa anthu akumidzi.Izi zikuchitikabe, ndipo zikuyembekezeredwa kuti pofika chaka cha 2050, anthu oposa awiri pa atatu alionse padziko lapansi adzakhala m’matauni.Izi zabweretsa mavuto ochulukirachulukira pamakina olumikizirana matelefoni ndi data m'madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri.
3. Mavuto ochulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusakhazikika, kuyambira miliri mpaka zipolowe zandale ndi mikangano, zikutanthauza kuti mayiko akufunitsitsa kukulitsa luso lawo lodziyimira pawokha kuti achepetse kuopsa kwa kusakhazikika kwapadziko lonse.Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akuyembekeza kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo zinthu kuchokera kumadera ena ndikuthandizira chitukuko cha zinthu zapakhomo, umisiri, ndi zomangamanga.
4. Ndi kuyesetsa kwa dziko kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon, luso lamakono likutsegula mwayi watsopano wochepetsera kuyenda kwa carbon.Masiku ano, misonkhano ndi misonkhano nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa intaneti.Ngakhale njira zachipatala zitha kuchitidwa patali popanda kufunikira kwa maopaleshoni obwera kuchipinda chopangira opaleshoni.Mitsinje yokhayo yothamanga kwambiri, yodalirika, komanso yosasokonezedwa yotsika kwambiri yomwe ingakwaniritse ntchitoyi.
Zinthu zazikuluzikuluzi zimapangitsa anthu kusonkhanitsa, kutumiza, ndi kukonza deta yochulukira padziko lonse lapansi, komanso zimafunikira kufalitsa mwachangu komanso mosachedwa pang'ono.
Kodi mafunde a millimeter angachite chiyani?
The millimeter wave sipekitiramu amapereka sipekitiramu lonse mosalekeza, kulola kufala kwambiri deta.Pakadali pano, ma frequency a microwave omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalumikizidwe ambiri opanda zingwe akuchulukirachulukira ndikubalalika, makamaka ndi ma bandwidth angapo operekedwa kumadipatimenti ena monga chitetezo, mlengalenga, ndi kulumikizana mwadzidzidzi.
Mukasuntha sipekitiramu m'mwamba, gawo lomwe likupezeka losasokonezedwa lidzakhala lalikulu kwambiri ndipo gawo losungidwa lidzakhala lochepa.Kuchulukitsa kwafupipafupi kumawonjezera kukula kwa "paipi" yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufalitsa deta, potero kukwaniritsa mitsinje yaikulu ya deta.Chifukwa cha bandwidth yayikulu kwambiri ya mafunde a millimeter, njira zosavuta zosinthira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza deta, zomwe zingayambitse machitidwe omwe ali ndi latency yotsika kwambiri.
Mavuto ake ndi otani?
Pali zovuta zina pakuwongolera mawonekedwe.Zigawo ndi ma semiconductors ofunikira kuti atumize ndi kulandira zizindikiro pa mafunde a millimeter ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga - ndipo pali njira zochepa zomwe zilipo.Kupanga zigawo za mafunde a millimeter ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kulolerana kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kukonza mosamala zolumikizirana ndi ma cavities kuti muchepetse kutayika ndikupewa kugwedezeka.
Kufalitsa ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zomwe ma millimeter wave akukumana nazo.Pamaulendo apamwamba, ma siginecha amatha kutsekedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi monga makoma, mitengo, ndi nyumba.Pamalo omanga, izi zikutanthauza kuti wolandila ma millimeter wave ayenera kukhala kunja kwa nyumbayo kuti afalitse chizindikirocho mkati.Pakulumikizana kwa backhaul ndi satellite mpaka pansi, kukulitsa mphamvu kokulirapo kumafunika kuti utumize ma siginecha pa mtunda wautali.Pansi, mtunda wapakati pa maulalo a point-to-point sungathe kupitilira 1 mpaka 5 kilomita, m'malo mwa mtunda wokulirapo womwe maukonde otsika amatha kufikira.
Izi zikutanthauza, mwachitsanzo, kumadera akumidzi, masiteshoni ndi tinyanga zambiri zimafunikira kuti atumize mafunde a millimeter patali.Kuyika zida zowonjezera izi kumafuna nthawi yochulukirapo komanso mtengo.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutumizidwa kwa magulu a nyenyezi a satelayiti ayesa kuthetsa vutoli, ndipo magulu a nyenyezi a satanayi atenganso mamilimita mafunde ngati maziko a kamangidwe kawo.
Kodi kutumizidwa kwabwino kwa mafunde a millimeter kuli kuti?
Kutalikirana kwakufupi kwa mafunde a millimeter kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kutumizidwa m'matauni okhala ndi anthu ambiri okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa data.Njira ina yosinthira ma network opanda zingwe ndi ma fiber optic network.M’matauni, kukumba misewu kuti muyikemo ulusi watsopano wa kuwala n’kokwera mtengo kwambiri, n’kowononga, ndiponso kumatenga nthawi.M'malo mwake, kulumikizana kwa ma millimeter wave kumatha kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndi kusokoneza kochepa mkati mwa masiku angapo.
Chiwerengero cha deta chomwe chimapezedwa ndi ma millimeter wave signals chikufanana ndi cha optical fibers, pamene chimapereka latency yochepa.Mukafuna kutulutsa chidziwitso mwachangu komanso kuchedwa kochepa, maulalo opanda zingwe ndi chisankho choyamba - ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa masheya komwe millisecond latency ingakhale yovuta.
Kumadera akumidzi, mtengo woyika zingwe za fiber optic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika chifukwa cha mtunda womwe umakhudzidwa.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma millimeter wave tower network amafunikiranso ndalama zambiri zamapangidwe.Yankho lomwe laperekedwa pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma satelayiti otsika a Earth orbit (LEO) kapena ma satellite pseudo apamwamba kwambiri (HAPS) kulumikiza deta kumadera akutali.Maukonde a LEO ndi HAPS akutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa choyikira ma fiber optics kapena kupanga ma netiweki opanda zingwe atalitali pang'ono, pomwe amaperekabe mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya data.Kulankhulana kwa satellite kwagwiritsa ntchito kale ma millimeter wave sign, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa sipekitiramu - Ka frequency band (27-31GHz).Pali malo oti muwonjezere maulendo apamwamba, monga magulu a Q / V ndi E pafupipafupi, makamaka malo obwerera kwa deta pansi.
Msika wobwereranso pamatelefoni ndiwotsogola pakusintha kuchokera ku microwave kupita ku ma millimeter wave frequency.Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zogulira (zida zam'manja, ma laputopu, ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT)) pazaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zachulukitsa kufunikira kwa data yochulukirapo komanso yachangu.
Tsopano, ogwiritsira ntchito satana akuyembekeza kutsata chitsanzo cha makampani olankhulana ndi telefoni ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a millimeter mu machitidwe a LEO ndi HAPS.M'mbuyomu, masatilaiti achikhalidwe cha geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) ndi medium Earth orbit (MEO) anali kutali kwambiri ndi Earth kuti akhazikitse maulalo olankhulirana ogula pamafunde a millimeter wave.Komabe, kukulitsidwa kwa ma satelayiti a LEO tsopano kupangitsa kuti zitheke kukhazikitsa maulalo a ma millimeter wave ndikupanga maukonde apamwamba omwe amafunikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Makampani ena alinso ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa millimeter wave.M'makampani opanga magalimoto, magalimoto odziyimira pawokha amafunikira kulumikizana kothamanga kosalekeza komanso maukonde otsika a latency data kuti agwire ntchito mosatekeseka.M'zachipatala, ma data othamanga kwambiri komanso odalirika adzafunika kuti maopaleshoni omwe ali kutali azitha kuchita bwino.
Zaka Khumi za Millimeter Wave Innovation
Filtronic ndi katswiri wotsogola waukadaulo wolumikizana ndi ma millimeter wave ku UK.Ndife amodzi mwa makampani ochepa ku UK omwe amatha kupanga ndi kupanga zida zoyankhulirana zamamilimita apamwamba kwambiri.Tili ndi mainjiniya amkati a RF (kuphatikiza akatswiri a ma millimeter wave) ofunikira kuti athe kulingalira, kupanga, ndikupanga ukadaulo watsopano wa ma millimeter wave.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, takhala tikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi makampani otsogola oyendetsa mafoni kuti apange ma transceivers a ma microwave ndi ma millimeter wave, amplifiers amagetsi, ndi ma subsystems a backhaul network.Zogulitsa zathu zaposachedwa zimagwira ntchito mu E-band, yomwe imapereka njira yothetsera maulalo opatsa mphamvu kwambiri pakulankhulana kwa satellite.Pazaka khumi zapitazi, zasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwongolera, kuchepetsa kulemera ndi mtengo, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwongolera njira zopangira kuti ziwonjezeke kupanga.Makampani a satelayiti tsopano atha kupewa zaka zakuyesa ndi chitukuko chamkati mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsimikizika wotumizira malo.
Ndife odzipereka patsogolo pazatsopano, kupanga ukadaulo mkati komanso molumikizana ndikupanga njira zopangira zamkati.Nthawi zonse timatsogolera msika muzatsopano kuti tiwonetsetse kuti ukadaulo wathu uli wokonzeka kutumizidwa monga mabungwe olamulira amatsegula ma frequency atsopano.
Tikupanga kale matekinoloje a W-band ndi D-band kuti athane ndi kusokonekera komanso kuchuluka kwa data mu E-band m'zaka zikubwerazi.Timagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala amakampani kuti tiwathandize kukhala ndi mwayi wampikisano pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa pomwe ma frequency atsopano atsegulidwa.
Kodi chotsatira cha mafunde a millimeter ndi chiyani?
Mlingo wogwiritsira ntchito deta udzangokulirakulira mbali imodzi, ndipo teknoloji yomwe imadalira deta imakhalanso bwino nthawi zonse.Zowona zenizeni zafika, ndipo zida za IoT zikukhala paliponse.Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zapakhomo, chilichonse kuyambira pamafakitale akuluakulu kupita kumalo opangira mafuta ndi gasi ndi mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya chikusunthira kuukadaulo wa IoT pakuwunika kwakutali - kuchepetsa kufunika kothandizira pamanja pogwira ntchito zovutazi.Kupambana kwa izi ndi zina zamakono zamakono zidzadalira kudalirika, kuthamanga, ndi khalidwe la maukonde a data omwe amawathandiza - ndi mafunde a millimeter amapereka mphamvu zofunikira.
Mafunde a millimeter sanachepetse kufunikira kwa ma frequency omwe ali pansi pa 6GHz pagawo la kulumikizana opanda zingwe.M'malo mwake, ndizowonjezera zofunikira pazithunzithunzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana aperekedwe bwino, makamaka omwe amafunikira mapaketi akuluakulu a data, kuchepa kwa latency, komanso kulumikizidwa kwakukulu.
Mlandu wogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a millimeter kukwaniritsa ziyembekezo ndi mwayi wa matekinoloje atsopano okhudzana ndi deta ndi wokhutiritsa.Koma palinso mavuto.
Kuwongolera ndizovuta.Sizingatheke kulowa gulu la ma millimeter wave frequency band mpaka akuluakulu aboma atapereka zilolezo za mapulogalamu enaake.Komabe, kukula kokulirapo komwe kukuyembekezeredwa kumatanthauza kuti owongolera akukakamizidwa kuti atulutse mawonekedwe ambiri kuti apewe kusokonekera ndi kusokonezedwa.Kugawana kwa sipekitiramu pakati pa mapulogalamu osagwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu omwe akugwira ntchito monga ma satellite a meteorological kumafunanso kukambirana kofunikira pazamalonda, zomwe zidzalola magulu afupipafupi komanso mawonekedwe opitilirabe osasunthira ku Asia Pacific Hz frequency.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mwayi woperekedwa ndi bandwidth yatsopano, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi matekinoloje oyenera olimbikitsa kulumikizana pafupipafupi.Ichi ndichifukwa chake Filtronic ikupanga matekinoloje a W-band ndi D-band mtsogolo.Ichi ndichifukwa chake timathandizana ndi mayunivesite, maboma, ndi mafakitale kuti tilimbikitse chitukuko cha luso ndi chidziwitso m'magawo ofunikira kuti tikwaniritse zosowa zamaukadaulo opanda zingwe.Ngati dziko la UK lidzatsogolere pakupanga njira zolumikizirana zapadziko lonse lapansi zapadziko lonse lapansi, ikuyenera kuyika ndalama za boma m'malo oyenera aukadaulo wa RF.
Monga wothandizana nawo m'masukulu, boma, ndi mafakitale, Filtronic imathandizira kwambiri pakupanga njira zamakono zoyankhulirana zomwe zimayenera kupereka ntchito zatsopano ndi zotheka m'dziko lomwe deta ikufunika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-27-2023
