Katundu yemwe mawonekedwe ndi matalikidwe a electromagnetic wave electric field intensity amasintha ndi nthawi amatchedwa polarization in optics.Ngati kusinthaku kuli ndi lamulo lotsimikizika, kumatchedwa polarized electromagnetic wave .
(pambuyo pake amatchedwa polarized wave)
Mfundo 7 zofunika kudziwa za "electromagnetic wave polarization" ndi:
1. Electromagnetic wave polarization imatanthawuza malo omwe malo ndi matalikidwe a electromagnetic wave electric field intensity amasintha ndi nthawi, zomwe zimatchedwa polarization in optics.Ngati kusinthaku kuli ndi lamulo lotsimikizika, kumatchedwa polarized electromagnetic wave (pano amatchedwa polarized wave).Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya polarized electromagnetic wave nthawi zonse imakhala yolunjika mu ndege (yodutsa) yomwe imayendera njira yofalitsa, ndipo kumapeto kwa vector yake yamagetsi kumadutsa njira yotsekedwa, mafunde a polarized electromagnetic wave amatchedwa ndege polarized wave.Sagittal trajectory ya munda wamagetsi imatchedwa polarization curve, ndipo polarization wave imatchulidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a polarization curve.
2. 2. Kwa ndege imodzi yafupipafupi polarized wave, polarization curve ndi ellipse (yotchedwa polarization ellipse), choncho imatchedwa elliptical polarized wave.Kuyang'ana kuchokera ku njira yofalitsa, ngati njira yozungulira ya vector yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhala yozungulira, yomwe imagwirizana ndi lamulo la helix yoyenera, imatchedwa mafunde a polarized wave;Ngati mayendedwe ozungulira akutsutsana ndi kumanzere ndipo akugwirizana ndi lamulo la kumanzere kwa helix, amatchedwa mafunde amanzere a polarized wave.Malinga ndi magawo a geometric a polarization ellipse (onani magawo a geometric a polarization ellipse), mafunde a elliptical polarization amatha kufotokozedwa mochulukira, ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha axial (chiŵerengero cha olamulira aatali ndi axis lalifupi), polarization mbali yowongoka (ngodya ya oblique ya utali wautali) ndi njira yozungulira (kuzungulira kumanja kapena kumanzere).Mphepete mwa elliptical polarized wave ndi axial ratio yofanana ndi 1 imatchedwa circular polarized wave, ndipo polarization curve ndi bwalo, lomwe lingathenso kugawidwa kumanja kapena kumanzere.Panthawiyi, polarization direction angle angle imakhala yosatsimikizika, ndipo mbali yozungulira yamayendedwe oyambirira a vector yamagetsi imasinthidwa.Mafunde a elliptical polarization omwe chiŵerengero chake cha axial chimakhala chopanda malire amatchedwa linear polarization wave.Mayendedwe a vector yake yamagetsi nthawi zonse amakhala molunjika, ndipo mbali ya oblique ya mzere wowongokawu ndi njira ya polarization.Panthawiyi, njira yozungulira imataya tanthauzo lake ndipo imasinthidwa ndi gawo loyamba la mphamvu yamagetsi.
3. Mafunde amtundu uliwonse wa elliptical polarization amatha kuwonongeka mu chiwerengero cha dzanja lamanja lozungulira polarization wave (lomwe limayimiridwa ndi phazi R) ndi kumanzere kumanzere kwa polarization wave (yoyimiridwa ndi phazi la L).Ngati mafunde okhala ndi polarized mafunde awonongeka kukhala mafunde awiri ozungulira mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira, matalikidwe ake amakhala ofanana ndipo mawonekedwe ake oyambira amakhala ofanana ndi mafunde ozungulira polarized.
4. Mafunde aliwonse a elliptical polarization amathanso kuwola kukhala mafunde awiri omwe ali ndi polarized mafunde okhala ndi orthogonal orthogonal.Nthawi zambiri, imodzi mwa mafunde opangidwa ndi polarized imayendetsedwa mu ndege yopingasa (ndi perpendicular kwa njira yofalitsa), yomwe imatchedwa horizontally polarized wave (yoyimiridwa ndi phazi chizindikiro h);Kuzungulira kwa mafunde ena omwe ali ndi polarized wave nthawi yomweyo kumayang'ana ndi kufalikira kwa mafunde omwe ali pamwambawa, omwe amatchedwa vertically polarized wave (woyimiridwa ndi phazi la V) (vector yamagetsi yamagetsi ya vertically polarized wave imayang'ana. pamzere wowongolera pokhapokha njira yofalitsa ili mu ndege yopingasa).Ma vector a magetsi a zigawo ziwiri zozungulira polarized wave ali ndi matalikidwe osiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa gawo loyambira.
5. Mafunde omwewo a elliptical polarization amatha kufotokozedwa mochulukira osati kokha ndi magawo a geometric a polarization ellipse, komanso ndi magawo pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zozungulira zozungulira zozungulira polarization kapena zigawo ziwiri za orthogonal linear polarization.Mapu ozungulira polarization kwenikweni ndikuwonetsa kwapadera kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a polarization pamtunda wozungulira pamtunda wa equatorial.Mlongoti wotumiza ndi kulandira mafunde a electromagnetic uli ndi mphamvu zotsimikizika za polarization, zomwe zimatha kutchulidwa molingana ndi ma elekitiroleti amagetsi polarization mumayendedwe amphamvu kwambiri akamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mlongoti wotumizira.
6. Nthawi zambiri, kuti mukwaniritse kufalikira kwamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa kutumiza ndi kulandira tinyanga, kutumiza ndi kulandira tinyanga zokhala ndi polarization zomwezo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kusintha kumeneku kumatchedwa polarization matching.Nthawi zina, pofuna kupewa kulowetsedwa kwa mafunde a polarization, anmlongotindi orthogonal polarization properties amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga vertical polarization antenna orthogonal to horizontal polarization wave;Mlongoti wozungulira kudzanja lamanja ndi orthogonal kumanzere kwa dzanja lamanzere mozungulira polarized wave.Kusintha kumeneku kumatchedwa polarization isolation.
7. Kudzipatula komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa mafunde awiri ogwirizana a orthogonal polarization angagwiritsidwe ntchito ku machitidwe osiyanasiyana a polarization.Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mlongoti umodzi wokhala ndi polarization wapawiri kuti muzindikire kufalikira kwa njira ziwiri kapena transceiver duplex;Ma antennas awiri osiyana a orthogonal polarization amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kulandilidwa kosiyanasiyana kapena kuyang'ana kwa stereoscopic (monga filimu ya stereo).Kuphatikiza apo, muzinthu zowunikira zidziwitso monga kuzindikira kwakutali ndi kuzindikira chandamale cha radar, polarization katundu wa mafunde amwazikana angapereke zina zowonjezera kupatula matalikidwe ndi chidziwitso cha gawo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: May-06-2022
